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現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)例題解析

      一、結(jié)構(gòu)形式 

　　現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)是由“助動(dòng)詞have(has) + been+動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞”構(gòu)成。

　　二、基本用法

　　1. 表示從過去某時(shí)開始一直延續(xù)到說話時(shí)還在進(jìn)行，或可能還要繼續(xù)下去的動(dòng)作。它通常和“for+段時(shí)間”或“since+點(diǎn)時(shí)間(也可以是從句)”的時(shí)間狀語連用。例如：

　　I have been waiting for a letter from my parents.　我一直在等我父母的來信。

　　It has been raining for three hours. 雨已經(jīng)下了三個(gè)小時(shí)了。

　　We have been studying here since 2004. 自從2004年以來，我們一直在這里學(xué)習(xí)。

　　2. 表示從過去某時(shí)開始，一直延續(xù)到說話時(shí)刻，可能剛剛結(jié)束的動(dòng)作。例如：

　　She has been sweeping the street all day. She is too tired. 她一整天都在掃大街。她太累了。

　　We have been waiting for you for two hours. We don't want to wait any longer.

　　我們已經(jīng)等你兩個(gè)小時(shí)了。不想再等了。

　　三、常用句型

　　1. 肯定句：“主語+have(has) been+動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞+其他.”例如：

　　I have been sitting here all the afternoon.　 我在這兒坐了一下午。

　　He has been collecting all kinds of stamps since he was ten years old.

　　自十歲起他就開始收集各式各樣的郵票。

　　2. 否定句：“主語+have(has) not been+動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞+其他.”例如：

　　They haven't been meeting each other for five years. 他們有五年沒見面了。

　　He hasn't been teaching here these years.　 這些年他并沒有一直在這兒教書。

　　3. 一般疑問句：“Have(Has) + 主語 + been + 動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞？”其肯定回答：“Yes, 主語 + have (has).”否定回答：“No, 主語 + haven't (hasn't).”

　　四、例題解析

　　1. Cathy is taking notes of the grammatical rules in class at Sunshine School, where she ______ English for a year.

　　A. studies    B. studied    C. is    D. has been studying

　　解析：由句意知：study這一動(dòng)作一年前已開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，還有可能持續(xù)下去。故需用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。

　　答案：D

　　2. --I'm sure Andrew will win the first prize in the final.

　　--I think so. He _______ for it for months.

　　A. is preparing    B. was preparing

　　C. had been preparing    D．has been preparing

　　解析：由句中for months與will可知prepare的動(dòng)作應(yīng)發(fā)生在過去而且到目前還在繼續(xù)，故用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。
   
　　答案：D

　　3. --Hi, Tracy, you look tired.

　　--I am tired. I ______ the living room all day.

　　A. painted   B. had painted

　　C. have been painting    D．have painted

　　解析：由題干中的all day可推斷出，從早上起一直在粉刷房間，到現(xiàn)在還在粉刷，并可能繼續(xù)下去。只有現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)可表達(dá)出上述意義，故選C項(xiàng)。

　　答案：C

　　4. --You haven't got the textbook for my chemistry yet.

　　--I know, and we ______ to get it for the last five weeks.

　　A.will have been trying      B.have been trying

　　C.will be trying       D.had tried

　　解析： 此題考查正確使用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的能力。由前者的話可知，后者尚未搞到化學(xué)課本，后者意為：我們在過去的五個(gè)星期里一直都在設(shè)法去做（現(xiàn)在仍在努力）。即現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)（過去開始的動(dòng)作一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，有可能繼續(xù)下去）。

　　答案：B

　　5. Now that she is out of a job, Lucy ____going back to school, but she hasn't decided yet.

　　A. had considered   B. has been considering  

　　C. considered         D. is going to consider

　　解析：該題是在交際情境中考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)的用法。根據(jù)句意應(yīng)選完成進(jìn)行時(shí)，表示過去的動(dòng)作（考慮返校學(xué)習(xí)）持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在（還沒有決定）今后還有可能進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。句意：“既然露西失業(yè)了，她一直在考慮返校讀書，但她還沒有定下來�！�

　　答案：B

　　6. "Where is Mother." "She is in the kitchen. She _______ the housework all morning."

　　A. is doing        B. was doing

　　C. has done        D. has been doing

　　解析：現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)表示從過去至今一直在持續(xù)的動(dòng)作。

　　答案：D

　　7. I _____ for five minutes; why don't they come?

　　A. am calling         B. called

　　C. was calling        D. have been calling

　　解析：用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的一段時(shí)間。

　　答案：D

　　8. She ought to stop working; she has a headache because she ________ too long.

　　A. has been reading                                  B. had read

　　C. is reading                                            D. read

　　解析：從第一句話：“She ought to stop working”可知“他仍然在學(xué)習(xí)”，故后面用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。

　　答案：A

　　9. ______ my sister three times today but her line was always busy.

　　A. I'd phoned                                B. I've been phoning

　　C. I've phoned                                           D. I was phoning
　　
　　解析：本題考查的是完成時(shí)態(tài)用法。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語three times today 可確定用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。

　　答案：C

　　10. --Did you find the missing couple in the mountain yesterday?

　　--No, but we ________ to get in touch with them ever since.

　　A. have tried                         B. have been trying

　　C. had tried                          D. had been trying

　　解析：因?yàn)閑ver since是“自那以后(直到現(xiàn)在)”之意，常與完成時(shí)連用，又根據(jù)but 可知，現(xiàn)在也還在設(shè)法與他們?nèi)〉寐?lián)系，所以用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。

　　答案：B

　　11. I'm glad to see that you ________ a lot of progress since I ________ you last.

　　A. will make; have met          B. have been making; met

　　C. had made; met                  D. have made; meeting

　　解析：因?yàn)槭恰吧洗我娔恪�，所以since從句的謂語動(dòng)詞用一般過去時(shí)，也就是第二空用一般過去時(shí)，排除A和D；這句話表示的是：從上次見你以來一直到現(xiàn)在并且現(xiàn)在依然在不斷取得進(jìn)步，所以第一空要用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。

　　答案：B